About Periodontal Disease

Understanding Periodontal Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, is a progressive infection that affects the gums and bone structure that support your teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss, jawbone deterioration, and increased risk of systemic health issues. At Middlesex Periodontics & Dental Implants, PC, we specialize in diagnosing, preventing, and treating periodontal disease for patients in East Brunswick, NJ, and surrounding areas.

What Causes Periodontal Disease?

The primary cause of periodontal disease is the accumulation of bacterial plaque, a sticky, colorless film that forms on teeth. If plaque is not removed through proper oral hygiene and professional cleanings, it hardens into calculus (tartar), which can only be removed by a dental professional.

Key factors that contribute to periodontal disease include:

Poor oral hygiene, leading to excessive plaque buildup.
Genetic predisposition, making some individuals more susceptible.
Smoking and tobacco use, which reduces the body’s ability to fight infection.
Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease, which can exacerbate gum infections.
Hormonal changes in women during pregnancy or menopause, increasing gum sensitivity.

Medications that reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth and bacterial overgrowth.

Stages and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease progresses in stages, starting with gingivitis and advancing to more severe forms if left untreated.

1. Gingivitis (Early Stage Gum Disease)

Symptoms: Red, swollen gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing.
Reversibility: Gingivitis is fully reversible with professional cleanings and improved oral hygiene.

2. Periodontitis (Advanced Gum Disease)

Symptoms: Formation of deep periodontal pockets, gum recession, persistent bad breath, and sensitivity.
Effect: The infection begins to destroy the bone and connective tissue, weakening tooth support.

3. Advanced Periodontitis

Symptoms: Severe gum recession, loose teeth, difficulty chewing, and eventual tooth loss.
Effect: If untreated, bone loss becomes irreversible, and teeth may need to be extracted.

Recognizing symptoms early and seeking professional periodontal care can prevent permanent damage.

How Is Periodontal Disease Treated?

Treatment varies depending on the severity of the disease. At Middlesex Periodontics & Dental Implants, PC, we offer comprehensive, minimally invasive periodontal treatments tailored to each patient’s needs.

Non-Surgical Treatments

Scaling & Root Planing – Deep cleaning to remove bacteria and smooth tooth roots to prevent future buildup.
Antibacterial Therapy – Application of antibiotics or antimicrobial solutions to reduce infection.
Laser Gum Therapy (LANAP) – A minimally invasive laser treatment that removes infected tissue while preserving healthy gums.

Surgical Treatments

Gum Grafting – Restores lost gum tissue and improves aesthetics.
Osseous Surgery – Reduces pocket depth and reshapes damaged bone.
Bone Regeneration & Grafting – Rebuilds lost jawbone to support teeth and future dental implants.

Early intervention is key to preventing permanent damage and ensuring a healthy smile for life.

The Connection Between Periodontal Health and Overall Well-Being

Scientific research has linked periodontal disease to systemic conditions, including:

Heart disease and stroke – Bacteria from gum infections can enter the bloodstream, contributing to arterial plaque buildup.
Diabetes complications – Gum disease makes it more difficult for diabetics to control blood sugar levels.
Respiratory infections – Oral bacteria can be inhaled, increasing the risk of lung infections.
Pregnancy risks – Periodontal infections have been associated with preterm births and low birth weights.

By treating gum disease early, you are not only preserving your smile but also protecting your overall health.

Schedule Your Periodontal Evaluation Today

At Middlesex Periodontics & Dental Implants, PC, Dr. Daniel Reich and our team provide expert periodontal care using the latest minimally invasive techniques. Whether you need preventative care, periodontal therapy, or dental implants, we are here to help.

Middlesex Periodontics & Dental Implants, PC

A-3 Cornwall Drive, East Brunswick, NJ 08816

Call:

732-257-7300